A polypeptide chain consists of what?

A polypeptide chain is fundamentally composed of a series of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds. This structure is essential in the formation of proteins, which play a critical role in various biological functions within living organisms. The formation of a polypeptide begins when amino acids are connected in a specific sequence dictated by genetic information. Each amino acid is linked through a peptide bond, which occurs during a dehydration synthesis reaction where a molecule of water is released. This process creates the backbone of the protein structure, and the unique sequence of amino acids ultimately determines the protein's shape and function. Understanding this concept is crucial for grasping the biochemistry of proteins and their role in cellular processes.