What are sebaceous glands responsible for?

Sebaceous glands are responsible for producing oil, which is known as sebum. This oily substance plays a crucial role in maintaining the health of the skin and hair. Sebum helps to keep the skin hydrated, preventing dryness and protecting it from external environmental factors. It also has antimicrobial properties, which can help in preventing infections on the skin surface.

In contrast to the functions of other glands and structures listed in the other choices, sebaceous glands specifically focus on oil production. Sweat is produced by sweat glands, providing a mechanism for temperature regulation and waste excretion. Protection from UV rays is primarily the role of melanin, which is produced by melanocytes, and sensory functions are managed by specialized nerve endings in the skin that detect touch and temperature changes. Thus, sebum's role in lubricating and protecting the skin marks it as the primary function of sebaceous glands.