What condition results from excess melanin production?

The condition that results from excess melanin production is hyperpigmentation. This occurs when there is an overproduction of melanin, the pigment responsible for the color of skin, hair, and eyes. Hyperpigmentation can manifest as dark patches or spots on the skin and is often caused by factors such as sun exposure, hormonal changes, certain medications, or inflammation. It signifies an increase in melanin distribution in localized areas, leading to uneven skin tone.

In contrast, the other options represent conditions linked to the absence or reduced levels of melanin. Hypopigmentation involves decreased melanin production, resulting in lighter areas of skin. Albinism is a genetic condition characterized by a complete lack of melanin, leading to pale skin, hair, and eyes. Vitiligo is an autoimmune disorder that causes the skin to lose pigment in certain areas, resulting in white patches on the skin. Understanding these conditions helps in recognizing the role of melanin in skin health and appearance.